Monday, January 31, 2005

BBC NEWS | Health | Bead 'slashes mobile radiation'

BBC NEWS | Health | Bead 'slashes mobile radiation': "Bead 'slashes mobile radiation'

Radiation from hands-free mobile phones can be reduced to virtually zero by a simple tiny magnetic bead which costs a few pence, a government adviser says.

Professor Lawrie Challis said clipping a ferrite bead on kits stops the radio waves travelling up the wire and into the head.

He called on the mobile phone industry to start using them 'as standard'.

The beads, which often measure less than 1cm in diameter, are commonly used to stop data interference in computers.

Professor Challis, who is chairman of the Mobile Telecommunications and Health Research Programme, told BBC News: 'There is no evidence yet that mobile phones are harmful to health but people have not been using them long enough for us to be sure.

'Using a ferrite bead effectively reduces emissions to the head to zero but as yet manufacturers do not put them on hands-free kits.'

And Professor Challis, who was also on the Stewart committee which looked into mobile phone safety in 2000, added: 'I am not sure why, but I wish they would. They could use it as a marketing technique, you would think they would like to promote it.'

While studies have shown hands-free kits reduce radiation, emissions still travel up the wires on the outside and are absorbed by the head.

The beads work by absorbing these 'unintentional' emissions.

Dr Stuart Porter, of the department of electronics at the University of York, said he agreed with Professor Challis's comments.

Dr Porter, who has looked at the use of ferrite beads, said: 'Hands-free kits effectively have two currents, an intentional one that stays within the wires and an unintentional one on the outside.

'It is the unintentional one the beads stop. They work by blocking the current, a bit like a block in a water pipe.'

He said evidence suggested beads worked best when they were placed below the microphone on the hands-free kit, at about chest level.

But Michael Milligan, general secretary of the Mobile Manufacturers Forum, rejected Professor Challis's call for them to be used on hands-free kits.

'I agree they can have an impact. But the bigger issue is that mobile phones are tested to be comply with standards and have been passed safe.'

Story from BBC NEWS:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/health/4203077.stm

Published: 2005/01/25 08:27:20 GMT

© BBC MMV
"

Friday, January 28, 2005

Pesticides in our food

Highest in Pesticides
These 12 popular fresh fruits and vegetables are consistently the most contaminated with pesticides — buy these organic.

• Apples
• Bell Peppers
• Celery
• Cherries
• Grapes (imported)
• Nectarines
• Peaches
• Pears
• Potatoes
• Red Raspberries
• Spinach
• Strawberries

Lowest in Pesticides
These 12 popular fresh fruits and vegetables consistently have the lowest levels of pesticides.

• Asparagus
• Avocados
• Bananas
• Broccoli
• Cauliflower
• Corn (sweet)
• Kiwi
• Mangos
• Onions
• Papaya
• Pineapples
• Peas (sweet)

Suaire de Turin


Suaire de Turin, originally uploaded by Bourouba.

Au Séminaire de Joliette où j'ai étudié de 1962 à 1968, on faisait grand cas du Suaire de Turin. On le présentait comme la preuve de la divinité de Jésus. Lorsqu'on a déclaré, il y a quelques années, que le suaire ne datait que du Moyen-Age, j'étais un peu triste de voir disparaître cette légende. Les nouvelles analyses semblent révéler que le Suaire est beaucoup plus ancien et possiblement de l'époque à laquelle Jésus vivait. Donc le mystère demeure entier... Non, je n'y crois pas du tout, mais j'aime bien conserver une aura de mystère dans un monde où on prétend, avec beaucoup d'arrogance, pouvoir tout comprendre. En anglais.


Turin shroud 'older than thought'
The Shroud of Turin is much older than suggested by radiocarbon dating carried out in the 1980s, according to a new study in a peer-reviewed journal.

A research paper published in Thermochimica Acta suggests the shroud is between 1,300 and 3,000 years old.

The author dismisses 1988 carbon-14 dating tests which concluded that the linen sheet was a medieval fake.

The shroud, which bears the faint image of a blood-covered man, is believed by some to be Christ's burial cloth.
Raymond Rogers says his research and chemical tests show the material used in the 1988 radiocarbon analysis was cut from a medieval patch woven into the shroud to repair fire damage.

This was responsible for an invalid date being assigned to the original shroud cloth, he argues.

"The radiocarbon sample has completely different chemical properties than the main part of the shroud relic," said Mr Rogers, who is a retired chemist from Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, US.

Fire damage

He says he was originally dubious of untested claims that the 1988 sample was taken from a re-weave.

"It was embarrassing to have to agree with them," Mr Rogers told the BBC News website.

The 4m-long linen sheet was damaged in several fires since its existence was first recorded in France in 1357, including a church blaze in 1532.

It is said to have been restored by nuns who patched the holes and stitched the shroud to a reinforcing material known as the Holland cloth.

"[The radiocarbon sample] has obvious painting medium, a dye and a mordant that doesn't show anywhere else," Mr Rogers explained.
"This stuff was manipulated - it was coloured on purpose."

In the study, he analysed and compared the sample used in the 1988 tests with other samples from the famous cloth.

In addition to the discovery of dye, microchemical tests - which use tiny quantites of materials - provided a way to date the shroud.

These tests revealed the presence of a chemical called vanillin in the radiocarbon sample and in the Holland cloth, but not the rest of the shroud.

Vanillin is produced by the thermal decomposition of lignin, a chemical compound found in plant material such as flax. Levels of vanillin in material such as linen fall over time.

'Older date'

"The fact that vanillin cannot be detected in the lignin on shroud fibres, Dead Sea scrolls linen and other very old linens indicates that the shroud is quite old," Mr Rogers writes.

"A determination of the kinetics of vanillin loss suggests the shroud is between 1,300 and 3,000 years old."

In the 1988 study, scientists from three universities concluded that the cloth dated from some time between 1260 and 1390. This ruled it out as the possible burial cloth that wrapped the body of Christ.

That led to the then Cardinal of Turin, Anastasio Alberto Ballestrero, admitting the garment was a hoax.

Michael Minor, vice-president of the American Shroud of Turin Association for Research commented: "This is the most significant news about the Shroud of Turin since the C-14 dating was announced in 1988.

"The C-14 dating isn't being disputed. But [the new research] is saying that they dated the rewoven area."

But since the announcement of the results, several attempts have been made to challenge the authenticity of these tests.

"The sample tested was dyed using technology that began to appear in Italy about the time the crusaders' last bastion fell to the Mameluke Turks in AD 1291," said Mr Rogers.

"The radiocarbon sample cannot be older than about AD 1290, agreeing with the age determined in 1988. However, the shroud itself is actually much older."

Some now hope the Vatican will give approval for samples of the shroud to be re-tested.

But, says Mr Minor, "the church is very hesitant, very reluctant for that to be done, because they've been given so many conflicting opinions".

Wednesday, January 26, 2005

Réchauffement de la planète

Radio-Canada.ca
Le réchauffement climatique revu à la hausse

Mise à jour le mercredi 26 janvier 2005 à 14 h 39

Les estimations d'augmentation des températures en cas de doublement des émanations de gaz à effet de serre ont été revues à la hausse.

Des chercheurs britanniques de l'université d'Oxford pensent que les hausses pourraient être en moyenne de 11 degrés Celsius et non de 5,8 degrés, tel qu'ils l'estimaient jusqu'à maintenant.

L'équipe se base sur plus de 2000 modélisations pour prévoir que les températures moyennes pourraient augmenter de 1,9 à 11,5 degrés Celsius si le taux de gaz carbonique doublait, alors que les estimations officielles actuelles vont de 1,4 à 5,8 degrés.

Si la majorité des modèles de l'étude fixent l'augmentation à environ 3,4 degrés, peu l'estiment à moins de 2 degrés et 4,8% à plus de 8 degrés.

Les résultats sont basés sur le projet climateprediction.net dans lequel des données ont été confiées à des dizaines de milliers de personnes pour effectuer des simulations sur leurs ordinateurs personnels.

Monday, January 24, 2005

Bio-diversité

Radio-Canada.ca
Ouverture d'une conférence sur la biodiversité à Paris

Mise à jour le lundi 24 janvier 2005 à 13 h 55

La Conférence internationale sur la biodiversité s'est ouverte lundi, à Paris, en présence du président Jacques Chirac.

Dans son discours d'ouverture au palais de l'UNESCO, le président français a plaidé pour la création d'une organisation des Nations unies pour l'environnement, un organisme qui veillerait à la protection de l'environnement d'une façon globale.

Le président Jacques Chirac a également invité les scientifiques du monde entier à créer un réseau mondial d'expertise en matière de biodiversité afin de protéger les espèces en voie de disparition et de tenter de ralentir le phénomène.

Des groupes écologistes présents ont toutefois apporté un bémol aux élans oratoires du président français en rappelant qu'au même moment, des compagnies françaises continuent de déboiser de grandes régions d'Afrique.

À l'heure actuelle, la déforestation et la destruction des habitats naturels par l'humain entraînent chaque année la disparition de 16 000 espèces d'insectes, de végétaux, d'oiseaux et d'animaux de la surface de la Terre. Si rien n'est fait, la disparition d'un aussi grand nombre d'animaux, de végétaux et d'insectes aura rapidement des effets désastreux pour l'humanité.

Les humains ont pourtant besoin de cette biodiversité

Les insectes comme les abeilles, par exemple, contribuent à la pollinisation d'un nombre important de cultures fruitières à la surface du globe. Or, selon les données recueillies par les scientifiques, le nombre d'abeilles est en déclin constant sur la terre depuis plusieurs années en raison de l'épandage massif de pesticides.

Quant à la déforestation, en plus de détruire directement l'habitat naturel de dizaines de milliers d'espèces, elle aurait accentué la dévastation dans les pays frappés par le tsunami du 26 décembre dernier.

En effet, après le passage des raz-de-marée, les experts ont constaté que les zones où la végétation protégeait les rivages ont subi beaucoup moins de dommages que les secteurs déboisés et les plages.

La convention de Rio en 1992, ratifiée par 150 pays devait mettre au point plusieurs mécanismes pour freiner ce déclin des espèces vivantes, mais pour l'essentiel, tous ces mécanismes sont restés lettre morte.

Friday, January 21, 2005

Téflon et cancer

Radio-Canada.ca
Le téflon cancérigène

Mise à jour le vendredi 21 janvier 2005 à 12 h 54

Le gouvernement américain poursuit la multinationale DuPont pour avoir caché de l'information sur son antiadhésif Téflon, qui serait la cause de cancers et de malformations congénitales.

Selon l'Agence américaine de protection de l'environnement, des études révèlent que des molécules utilisées dans la fabrication des antiadhésifs, appliqués sur les casseroles et les poêlons, pourraient être, entre autres, la cause de cancers et de malformations congénitales.

Des traces de téflon auraient été retrouvé dans 90 % des échantillons de sang prélevés aux États-Unis. Notre organisme peut prendre jusqu'à quatre ans pour l'éliminer complètement de notre corps.

Il s'agit de la deuxième poursuite intentée contre la compagnie.

DuPont a déjà été poursuivie pour violation de la loi américaine sur les substances toxiques, en omettant de divulguer les risques encourus par les humains exposés à certaines molécules contenues dans les antiadhésifs.

E=MC2


050121einsteinemc2_n, originally uploaded by Bourouba.


Les 100 ans de la relativité

Mise à jour le vendredi 21 janvier 2005 à 14 h 31
Le chancelier allemand Gerhard Schroeder a amorcé l'année Einstein, qui marque le 100e anniversaire de la publication des principales thèses du physicien.

Lors d'une célébration à Berlin, le chancelier a appelé ses concitoyens à souscrire à l'innovation et aux débats d'idées, comme l'aurait fait le célèbre physicien juif né à Ulm, en 1879. Albert Einstein a cependant quitté à jamais sa terre natale peu avant l'arrivée de Hitler au pouvoir.

Einstein, « était un démocrate passionné avec un sens particulièrement marqué de la justice sociale », a souligné M. Schroeder.

Albert Einstein, qui est mort en 1955, a marqué la science grâce à des théories qu'il a conceptualisées alors qu'il n'avait que 26 ans.

Einstein avait coup sur coup énoncé que la lumière se comportait à la fois comme une onde et un flux de particules, prouvé théoriquement l'existence des atomes et molécules, montré que les caractéristiques du temps et de l'espace ne sont pas absolues, mais qu'elles dépendent de l'observateur, et enfin établi la relation entre masse et énergie par la célèbre formule « E=mc2 », qui allait être déterminante pour la production d'énergie nucléaire et la fabrication de la bombe atomique.

Il a reçu le prix Nobel de physique en 1921.

Thursday, January 20, 2005

Weaving Life


Weaving Life, originally uploaded by Bourouba.

Devora Neumark's inter-disciplinary practice includes live-art, durational performative interventions, sound and photography installations, public commissions, storytellings and community art. Her street interventions are characterized by a direct sharing and exchange with the individuals who come across it (mostly incidentally), and who choose to approach, witness or participate.

One of her performance is called Présence
It's a solo intervention within the group project entitled Sur l'expérience de la ville : organized by Gallery Optica .

Over a period of eight weeks beginning in September of 1997, Devora Neumark sat on a wooden bench placed in various places around the city of Montreal. Starting with the point of a needle and the model of the Jewish Kippa, she made herself a kind of garment that adopted the outline of her body. She would change the colour of thread, using purple for encounters and discussions and yellow for when she was alone. Neumark wove together her daily experience and interractions with people as if she were weaving the memory of people.

Devora Neumark experienced some very moving encounters by simply being there with herself and others.

Here is a story that she recalls:

While sitting barefoot again - this time at the plaza by the Musée d'art Contemporain - actively crocheting, an elderly woman with a deeply lined face and kindly eyes stopped. She did ask me what I was doing. I responded to her question by saying that I was crocheting and that I would continue to crochet five hours a day, every day, for eight weeks in different public settings around Montreal. I crocheted in yellow when I was alone, and switched to the colour purple when someone cared to stop. This woman sighed deeply and began to tell of her life under the Chilean regime of General Pinochet. She spoke of how her family was scattered and how her memories still held pain and sorrow. She spoke for nearly an hour, addressing her words as much to herself, as to me. All the while, I was crocheting continuous rows in purple. When she came to the end of her expression, her eyes welled up with tears and with a voice full of all that she was feeling, said "I am so pleased that you changed to purple when I came to speak with you, because I deserve to be in someone's story."

In the words of John Cage, this is clearly art that allows for self-alteration.

Tuesday, January 18, 2005

And one more thing...

1. The wall is white
2. The horse is white
3. Therefore the wall is a horse

Three things to say

I do have three things to say this morning:
1. The emperor has no clothes
2. There is a rhinoceros in this room
3. The earth really IS flat

Sunday, January 16, 2005

John Cage


John Cage, originally uploaded by Bourouba.


Nous avons regardé une vidéo sur John Cage la semaine dernière. Ses réflexions sont très proches du bouddhisme. Magnifique gentleman mycologue initié à la macrobiotique par nulle autre que Yoko Ono...

Excerpts from the video: “John Cage: I Have Nothing To Say And I’m Saying It” (1990) Directed, Co-Produced, and Edited by Allan Miller

The first question I ask myself when something doesn’t seem to be beautiful is: Why do I think it’s not beautiful? And very shortly you discover that there is no reason. If we can conquer that dislike, or begin to like what we did dislike, then the world is more open. That path—the path of increasing one’s enjoyment of life—is the path that I think we all best take.

My purpose is to use art not as self-expression but as self-alteration – to become more open.

I am not so interested in learning as in changing – changing my mind.

The function of art is not to communicate one’s personal ideas or feelings but rather to imitate nature in her manner of operation in its own unfolding pattern (chance operation).

How nature works … random purposeless playful form of activity.

The highest purpose is to have no purpose.

Our intention is to affirm this life. Not to bring order out of chaos. Nor to suggest improvements in creation. But simply to wake up to the very life we’re living, which is so excellent once one gets one’s mind and one’s desire out of its way and let’s it act of its own accord.

I woudn’t say that I understand the environment. I simply experience it.

Zen statement: every day is a beautiful day. Everything is pleasing providing you haven’t got the notion of pleasing and displeasing in you.

In Zen they say: if something is boring after 2 minutes, try it for 4; if still boring try it for 8, 16, 32 and so on. Eventually one discovers that it is not boring at all but very interesting.

I use the I Ching for chance operation. I use it as a discipline in order to free my work from my memory, and from my likes and dislikes.

…perceive reality as art…perceive life as art…

…we have less confidence in the time as it goes in the future. How long the future will be? We wonder whether if we have ruined the silence.

Speaking of Duchamp
Man is the center of things and the center of the center is his feelings and his emotions. Duchamp broke with that.

One more quote not from the movie:
"Which is more musical: a truck passing by a factory or a truck passing by a music school?" --John Cage

Saturday, January 15, 2005

ScienCentral: Alzheimer’s Curry

ScienCentral: Alzheimer’s Curry
Alzheimer’s Curry

Yellow curry, used in India for upset stomachs, rashes, and even liver disease, might also help treat Alzheimer’s disease. This ScienCentral News video has more.

The Spice is Right

In the sizzle of Indian cuisine, turmeric is one curry powder that may be more potent then it’s bitter ginger taste. UCLA scientists think the yellow pigment in turmeric, called curcumin, may be a promising treatment for Alzheimer's disease.

Researchers led by neurologist Greg Cole, associate director of the UCLA Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, reported in the December 7th, 2004 issue of the Journal of Biological Chemistry that large doses of curcumin prevented Alzheimer's plaques from forming and broke down existing plaques in test tube and mouse studies.

Cole's research team put six mice engineered to develop Alzheimer’s plaques on a regular mouse chow diet. He put another nine on a diet rich in curcumin. The mice that ate curcumin had 85% few Alzheimer’s plaques then the control group.

Cole says that because curcumin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol lowering properties, it may be able to make a “multipronged attack” on Alzheimer's. Now UCLA researchers led by neurologist John Ringman are beginning a clinical trial to see how well people can tolerate high doses of the curcumin.

Curcumin has an established clinical history—it's got a reputation in India as a cure-all and it’s been studied in several western trials with mice and cancer patients. Though there is no evidence to date that curcumin will help Alzheimer's patients, Ringman hopes it will be more effective than other drugs and have fewer side effects because it seems to gently affect a number of biological processes associated with Alzheimer's disease instead of targeting just one.

In Alzheimer's patients, protein plaques accumulate in the brain and result in a cascade of damaging neurological events. The protein plaques release oxygen-free radicals, tiny agents that steal extra electrons from other molecules in the brain through a process called oxidation. The body’s natural response to these plaques and free radicals, which are much like splinters, is inflammation. Scientists think this long-term inflammation may ultimately cause brain cell death and the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. The database of Alzheimer's research also associates high cholesterol and high blood pressure with Alzheimer's disease.

Currently, treating Alzheimer's disease is mostly limited to breaking down plaques, easing inflammation and reducing cholesterol and blood pressure, but only with separate drugs. So far no one pill has been able to ease all the symptoms. Now Cole and Ringman think a high-dose curcumin capsule may be able to do just that.

"It's been known for a long time that curcumin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cholesterol-lowering properties," says Ringman. "All three processes we think are involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease, therefore it’s a logical candidate compound to study."

Ringman's trial will include 33 Alzheimer's patients. He wants to how they respond to as much as four grams of curcumin a day—about the equivalent of 60 curry meals a day. The doses need to be high because stomach juices absorb most of the curcumin. But the bit that does make it into the bloodstream easily crosses the blood-brain barrier—something that is good for treating Alzheimer’s disease.

Ringman has been giving some of his own Alzheimer’s patients curcumin capsules. He says they "seem to tolerate the medication well," but adds, "it doesn't seem to have cured anybody at this point." Ringman and Cole do not expect the curcumin to clear patient's brains of Alzheimer's plaques, but they hope to see the curcumin affecting some of the disease processes in the blood stream and in the spinal fluid (including inflammation, oxidation, and cholesterol). If they see a preliminary effect on these processes and the study's participants have limited side effects, then they will be able to move ahead with a larger trial.

"One of the exciting things about curcumin is that inflammation and oxidative damage are involved in a number of disease processes that affect aging people including cancer, atherosclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and arthritis," says Cole. “Developing it as a therapeutic or a preventative agent may offer benefits to other diseases of aging."

This research was funded by the Siegel Life Foundation, the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Alzheimer's Association, the UCLA Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and private donors.

Wednesday, January 12, 2005

JAMA -- Abstract: Meat Consumption and Risk of Colorectal Cancer

JAMA -- Abstract: Meat Consumption and Risk of Colorectal Cancer, January 12, 2005, Chao et al. 293 (2): 172
Meat Consumption and Risk of Colorectal Cancer

Ann Chao, PhD; Michael J. Thun, MD, MS; Cari J. Connell, MPH; Marjorie L. McCullough, ScD; Eric J. Jacobs, PhD; W. Dana Flanders, MD, ScD; Carmen Rodriguez, MD, MPH; Rashmi Sinha, PhD; Eugenia E. Calle, PhD

JAMA. 2005;293:172-182.

Context  Consumption of red and processed meat has been associated with colorectal cancer in many but not all epidemiological studies; few studies have examined risk in relation to long-term meat intake or the association of meat with rectal cancer.

Objective  To examine the relationship between recent and long-term meat consumption and the risk of incident colon and rectal cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants  A cohort of 148 610 adults aged 50 to 74 years (median, 63 years), residing in 21 states with population-based cancer registries, who provided information on meat consumption in 1982 and again in 1992/1993 when enrolled in the Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS II) Nutrition Cohort. Follow-up from time of enrollment in 1992/1993 through August 31, 2001, identified 1667 incident colorectal cancers. Participants contributed person-years at risk until death or a diagnosis of colon or rectal cancer.

Main Outcome Measure  Incidence rate ratio (RR) of colon and rectal cancer.

Results  High intake of red and processed meat reported in 1992/1993 was associated with higher risk of colon cancer after adjusting for age and energy intake but not after further adjustment for body mass index, cigarette smoking, and other covariates. When long-term consumption was considered, persons in the highest tertile of consumption in both 1982 and 1992/1993 had higher risk of distal colon cancer associated with processed meat (RR, 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-2.17), and ratio of red meat to poultry and fish (RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.08-2.18) relative to those persons in the lowest tertile at both time points. Long-term consumption of poultry and fish was inversely associated with risk of both proximal and distal colon cancer. High consumption of red meat reported in 1992/1993 was associated with higher risk of rectal cancer (RR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.15-2.52; P = .007 for trend), as was high consumption reported in both 1982 and 1992/1993 (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.00-2.05).

Conclusions  Our results demonstrate the potential value of examining long-term meat consumption in assessing cancer risk and strengthen the evidence that prolonged high consumption of red and processed meat may increase the risk of cancer in the distal portion of the large intestine.

Author Affiliations: Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society (Drs Chao, Thun, McCullough, Jacobs, Flanders, Rodriguez, and Calle, and Ms Connell), and Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University (Dr Flanders), Atlanta, Ga; and Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Md (Dr Sinha).

Viande rouge et cancer

Radio-Canada.ca
L'excès de viande rouge mène au cancer

Mise à jour le mercredi 12 janvier 2005 à 15 h 12

Un excès dans votre consommation de viande rouge peut vous mener au cancer du colon. Une récente recherche américaine le confirme.

D'autres études avaient déjà établi un lien entre une consommation excessive de viande rouge et l'augmentation du risque de ce type de cancer. Les nouvelles données ont été recueillies par la société américaine du cancer et concernent 148 610 hommes et femmes âgés de 63 ans en moyenne.

Leur compilation représente l'une des plus importantes recherches jamais effectuées à ce sujet.

Les gros mangeurs de viande rouge auraient un risque de 30 à 40 % supérieur de développer un cancer du côlon que les petits consommateurs.

La quantité de viande consommée quotidiennement par les hommes gros consommateurs était de 85 grammes au moins, soit la taille d'un hamburger environ, et de 57 grammes pour les femmes. Celle des petits mangeurs était de 57 grammes deux fois par semaine pour les hommes et de moins de 28 grammes pour les femmes. Le risque était par ailleurs augmenté pour une grande consommation de bacon ou de sauce bolonaise.

Les fruits et légumes contre le cancer du sein: aucune preuve

Une autre étude consacrée au cancer du sein et qui concerne 285 526 Européennes n'a pas mis en évidence de lien entre une importante consommation de fruits et de légumes et une meilleure protection contre cette maladie.

Des chercheurs remettent toutefois en cause ces résultats qui ne répondraient pas totalement à la question, en partie parce qu'elles ne s'intéressent qu'aux habitudes alimentaires à l'âge adulte, une période insuffisante. Selon eux, le risque de cancer du sein serait plus dépendant de l'alimentation.

Monday, January 10, 2005

Researchers find meditation gives brain a super charge - 01/10/05

Researchers find meditation gives brain a super charge - 01/10/05
Researchers find meditation gives brain a super charge

The practice of mental discipline, concentration can change how mind works, develop awareness.

By Marc Kaufman / Washington Post

Brain research is beginning to produce concrete evidence for something that Buddhist practitioners of meditation have maintained for centuries: Mental discipline and meditative practice can change the workings of the brain and allow people to achieve different levels of awareness.

Those transformed states have traditionally been understood in transcendent terms, as something outside the world of physical measurement and objective evaluation. But over the past few years, researchers at the University of Wisconsin working with Tibetan monks have been able to translate those mental experiences into the scientific language of high-frequency gamma waves and brain synchrony, or coordination. And they have pinpointed the left prefrontal cortex, an area just behind the left forehead, as the place where brain activity associated with meditation is especially intense.

"What we found is that the longtime practitioners showed brain activation on a scale we have never seen before," said Richard Davidson, a neuroscientist at the university's new $10 million W.M. Keck Laboratory for Functional Brain Imaging and Behavior.

Scientists used to believe the opposite -- that connections among brain nerve cells were fixed early in life and did not change in adulthood. But that assumption was disproved over the past decade.

Davidson says his newest results from the meditation study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in November shows that mental training through meditation (and presumably other disciplines) can itself change the inner workings and circuitry of the brain.

The new findings are the result of a long, if unlikely, collaboration between Davidson and Tibet's Dalai Lama, the world's best-known practitioner of Buddhism. The Dalai Lama first invited Davidson to his home in Dharamsala, India, in 1992 after learning about Davidson's innovative research into the neuroscience of emotions. The Tibetans have a centuries-old tradition of intensive meditation and, from the start, the Dalai Lama was interested in having Davidson scientifically explore the workings of his monks' meditating minds

The Dalai Lama ultimately dispatched eight of his most accomplished practitioners to Davidson's lab to have them hooked up for electroencephalograph (EEG) testing and brain scanning. The Buddhist practitioners in the experiment had undergone training in the Tibetan Nyingmapa and Kagyupa traditions of meditation for an estimated 10,000 to 50,000 hours, over time periods of 15 to 40 years. As a control, 10 student volunteers with no previous meditation experience were also tested after one week of training.

The monks and volunteers were fitted with a net of 256 electrical sensors and asked to meditate for short periods. Both groups were asked to meditate, specifically on unconditional compassion. Buddhist teaching describes that state, which is at the heart of the Dalai Lama's teaching, as the "unrestricted readiness and availability to help living beings."

Davidson said that the results unambiguously showed that meditation activated the trained minds of the monks in significantly different ways from those of the volunteers. Most important, the electrodes picked up much greater activation of fast-moving and unusually powerful gamma waves in the monks, and found that the movement of the waves through the brain was far better organized and coordinated than in the students.

Cout de la vie Montreal, Toronto, Boston

Radio-Canada.ca
Pas chère, Montréal

Mise à jour le lundi 10 janvier 2005 à 14 h 14

La Confédération des syndicats nationaux (CSN) invite le gouvernement québécois à renoncer aux baisses d'impôt prévues dans le budget qui sera adopté au printemps.

La CSN appuie sa revendication sur les données d'une étude comparant Montréal à quatre autres villes nord-américaines: Vancouver, Toronto, Philadelphie et Boston.

L'étude comparative révèle que c'est à Montréal, ville pourtant la plus chère du Québec, que le coût de la vie est le plus bas, ce qui inclut le fardeau fiscal tant décrié par le gouvernement Charest.

Richard Massicotte résume les conclusions de l'étude et explique la position de la CSN
L'étude conclut que, globalement, un couple avec deux enfants doit dépenser 2882 $ de plus à Vancouver, 9544 $ à Toronto, 18 494 $ à Philadelphie et 39 986 $ à Boston pour le même panier de consommation.

L'étude a été effectuée par la firme Runzheimer qui, à la demande de la CSN, a procédé à la mise à jour d'une analyse commanditée par le ministère des Finances en 1998.

Saturday, January 08, 2005

USATODAY.com - Mobile phone radiation harms DNA, new study finds

USATODAY.com - Mobile phone radiation harms DNA, new study finds
Mobile phone radiation harms DNA, new study finds
MUNICH/AMSTERDAM (Reuters) — Radio waves from mobile phones harm body cells and damage DNA in laboratory conditions, according to a new study majority-funded by the European Union, researchers said on Monday.

The so-called Reflex study, conducted by 12 research groups in seven European countries, did not prove that mobile phones are a risk to health but concluded that more research is needed to see if effects can also be found outside a lab.

The $100 billion a year mobile phone industry asserts that there is no conclusive evidence of harmful effects as a result of electromagnetic radiation.

About 650 million mobile phones are expected to be sold to consumers this year, and over 1.5 billion people around the world use one.

The research project, which took four years and which was coordinated by the German research group Verum, studied the effect of radiation on human and animal cells in a laboratory.

After being exposed to electromagnetic fields that are typical for mobile phones, the cells showed a significant increase in single and double-strand DNA breaks. The damage could not always be repaired by the cell. DNA carries the genetic material of an organism and its different cells.

"There was remaining damage for future generation of cells," said project leader Franz Adlkofer.

This means the change had procreated. Mutated cells are seen as a possible cause of cancer.

The radiation used in the study was at levels between a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of between 0.3 and 2 watts per kilogramme. Most phones emit radio signals at SAR levels of between 0.5 and 1 W/kg.

SAR is a measure of the rate of radio energy absorption in body tissue, and the SAR limit recommended by the International Commission of Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection is 2 W/kg.

The study also measured other harmful effects on cells.

Because of the lab set-up, the researchers said the study did not prove any health risks. But they added that "the genotoxic and phenotypic effects clearly require further studies ... on animals and human volunteers."

Adlkofer advised against the use of a mobile phone when an alternative fixed line phone was available, and recommended the use of a headset connected to a cell phone whenever possible.

"We don't want to create a panic, but it is good to take precautions," he said, adding that additional research could take another four or five years.

Previous independent studies into the health effects of mobile phone radiation have found it may have some effect on the human body, such as heating up body tissue and causing headaches and nausea, but no study that could be independently repeated has proved that radiation had permanent harmful effects.

None of the world's top six mobile phone vendors could immediately respond to the results of the study.

In a separate announcement in Hong Kong, where consumers tend to spend more time talking on a mobile phone than in Europe, a German company called G-Hanz introduced a new type of mobile phone which it claimed had no harmful radiation, as a result of shorter bursts of the radio signal.

Thursday, January 06, 2005

En manchette: Le chien aux 200 mots


En manchette: Le chien aux 200 mots


Le meilleur ami de l'homme n'est pas seulement intelligent: il peut désormais nous en apprendre un peu plus sur les origines de notre propre langage.

Il y a en effet la prouesse qu'ont salué les médias en fin de semaine: ce chien qui maîtriserait jusqu'à 200 mots, et qui pourrait faire des associations d'idées étonnantes –pour un chien. Et il y a, derrière tout cela, l'énigme du langage: on a toujours présumé que la capacité du bébé à apprendre de nouveaux mots était le résultat de connections de neurones dont lui seul dispose. Rico, un colley de 9 ans, vient de démontrer le contraire.

Rico connaît tout d'abord, par leur nom, tous ses jouets, et il en a plus d'une centaine. Ce qui, déjà, est assez impressionnant. Qu'on lui demande d'en apporter un et il le fait sans se tromper dans 90% des cas.

Mais mieux encore, à la grande surprise des scientifiques, Rico se révèle capable de faire des associations d'idées: face à sept jouets dont un qui lui est inconnu, si on lui lance un nom inconnu, il ira chercher, sept fois sur dix, l'objet inconnu. Et il se rappellera du nom de cet objet un mois plus tard.

Exemple d'association d'idée: je ne connais pas ce nom, je ne connais pas cet objet, peut-être les deux vont-ils ensemble. C'est là une étape cruciale dans le développement du langage, qu'un humain n'atteint pas avant l'âge de trois ans.

Même chez les chimpanzés, de nombreuses études sur le langage n'ont pas permis d'observer une telle association d'idées.

Pour Julia Fischer, de l'Institut Max-Planck d'anthropologie de l'évolution à Leipzig, c'est ainsi que le langage a dû émerger, il y a des centaines de milliers d'années: nos ancêtres humains ont dû, petit à petit, nommer les objets qui les entouraient, au fur et à mesure de l'évolution de leurs besoins. C'est également ainsi qu'un enfant apprend à parler, en mémorisant ce que les adultes lui disent (10 mots par jour à partir de l'âge de deux ans, disent les psychologues), puis en faisant peu à peu des associations d'idées. Que le chien en soit lui aussi capable, même à un niveau embryonnaire, signifie qu'il s'est engagé lui aussi sur la voie du langage, à notre insu, depuis sa domestication il y a 15 000 ans.

L'étude est devenue la vedette de la dernière édition de la revue américaine Science.

Avec toutes les nuances qui s'imposent, bien sûr. Rico apprend un mot uniquement si on lui désigne un objet, alors que l'enfant peut apprendre en écoutant les adultes. L'enfant peut associer un nom à des gens, des actions, des relations entre deux objets; Rico n'associe un nom qu'à un objet qu'il peut transporter dans sa gueule. Et les sceptiques (voir illustration) vont même plus loin: lorsqu'on dit "chaussette" (sock), Rico pense-t-il à l'objet, ou à l'action de transporter l'objet?

A l'inverse, les mauvaises langues diront qu'avec un vocabulaire de 200 mots, Rico dépasse déjà certaines vedettes du sport, des arts ou de la politique...

L'intellect de Rico est-il propre à tous les chiens, ou le résultat de croisements particulièrement réussis chez le colley allemand? Chose certaine, ses talents ont été moussés par de bons propriétaires: blessé à une patte à l'âge de 10 mois, ceux-ci lui ont fait faire de l'exercice en lui apprenant à aller chercher des jouets. De plus en plus de jouets... Il a été repéré par les chercheurs de l'Institut Max-Planck lors d'une apparition à la télévision allemande, qui ont dès lors, avec l'aide des propriétaires, procédé à des expériences dans un environnement contrôlé (voir la description plus bas).

Peut-il apprendre un nouveau mot si on l'associe à un objet qu'il ne peut pas transporter? Peut-il apprendre à ne pas transporter un objet, donc associer un nom à l'action de ne pas y toucher? Ce ne sont que quelques-unes des questions auxquels les psychologues s'attacheront à répondre dans les prochaines années.

Pascal Lapointe

Extrait de l'étude parue dans Science

The study animal, Rico, is a border collie and was born in December 1994. He lives as a pet with his owners and was reported by them to know the labels of over 200 items, mostly children's toys and balls, which he correctly retrieved upon request. Rico was first introduced to fetching items when he was 10 months of age, when his owners placed three different items in different locations around the flat and asked the dog for one of these items. Rico was rewarded with food or play if he fetched the correct object. He was gradually familiarized with an increasing number of items.

The first experiment was therefore designed to assess Rico's ability to correctly retrieve his various items under controlled conditions. We randomly assigned the 200 items he was reportedly familiar with to 20 sets of 10 different items each. While the owner waited with the dog in a separate room, the experimenter arranged a set of items in the experimental room and then joined the owner and the dog. Next, the experimenter instructed the owner to request the dog to bring two randomly chosen items (one after the other) from the adjacent room. While Rico searched for the requested item, he could not see the owner or the experimenter. He retrieved a total of 37 out of 40 items correctly (binomial test, P < 0.001). This experiment showed that Rico indeed knew the labels of these items. One may raise the objection that the words may in fact constitute one-word propositions, such as "fetch-the-sock." However, anecdotal evidence suggests that he indeed understands that the words refer to the objects. For instance, he can be instructed to put an item into a box or to bring it to a certain person. More systematic testing will be needed to specify his understanding of entire phrases. In any case, the number of labeled objects is substantially larger than those reported in previous studies with dogs, where subjects were tested with only three to five objects. Rico's "vocabulary size" is comparable to that of language-trained apes, dolphins, sea lions, and parrots.

To assess Rico's ability to fast map, we placed a novel item together with seven familiar items in an adjacent room (total n = 8 items requested in 8 trials). In this so-called identification task, we conducted a total of 10 sessions in which we introduced 10 novel items. In the first trial of a session, the owner always asked Rico to bring a familiar item, and in the second or third trial asked him to bring an item using the novel name. After the completion of a session, Rico was allowed to take a break before another session commenced. Rico retrieved the novel item from the first session on and was overall correct in 7 out of 10 sessions (binomial test, P < 0.001). Apparently, he was able to link the novel word to the novel item based on exclusion learning, either because he knew that the familiar items already had names or because they were not novel. Four weeks after the initial and sole exposure, we assessed Rico's retention of the relation between the novel word and the novel item. In this retention task, we only used those objects that Rico had successfully retrieved in the identification task. In between the identification and the retention task, he had no access to the target items. We placed a target item together with four completely novel and four familiar items in a room (total n = 9 items) and asked him first to bring a familiar item and subsequently (in the second or third trial) to bring the target item. Four weeks after the identification task, he correctly retrieved the target item in 3 out of 6 sessions (P < 0.1). This retrieval rate is comparable to the performance of 3-year-old toddlers.

(Science, 10 juin 2004)

En manchette: Le corbeau est malin comme un singe

En manchette: Le corbeau est malin comme un singe
Le corbeau est malin comme un singe

Pendant qu'on s'extasie sur les singes, on en oublie les corbeaux. Le croiriez-vous: ils semblent aussi intelligents que les singes. Malin comme un singe, cet oiseau noir.

Mais mal-aimé. Deux articles dans la très pointue revue Science le démontrent cette semaine: l'un, sur des singes capucins qui utilisent des outils. L'autre, sur l'utilisation d'outils par des corbeaux. La majorité des médias du monde ont repris l'histoire des singes capucins. Mais n'ont pas dit un mot du corbeau.

Et pourtant. "Le corbeau est aussi intelligent que les grands singes", titre sans hésiter le National Geographic. "Raisonnement de cause à effet, flexibilité, imagination et prospection": le corbeau a toutes ces qualités qui définissent l'essence même de l'intelligence chez les singes, résument Nathan J. Emery and Nicola S. Clayton, de l'Université britannique de Cambridge, les deux auteurs de cette revue de la littérature scientifique qui, dans l'édition de cette semaine de la revue Science, donne au corbeau ses lettres de noblesse.

"Parce que corvidés (corbeaux, corneilles, geais, choucas, pies) et singes partagent ces outils cognitifs, nous affirmons que des capacités cognitives complexes ont évolué en de multiples occasions chez des espèces très différentes dotées de cerveaux structurés très différemment, afin de résoudre des problèmes similaires."

Ce n'est pourtant pas d'hier que ces oiseaux sont crédités d'une intelligence supérieure à la moyenne. Il y a 2600 ans, le Grec Esope racontait la fable d'un corbeau qui, placé devant un récipient trop haut pour qu'il puisse en boire l'eau, avait jeté des pierres à l'intérieur, jusqu'à ce que le niveau d'eau monte suffisamment. Une fable, certes, mais le fait de l'avoir attribuée à un corbeau n'était pas un hasard.

Aujourd'hui, la littérature scientifique contient des récits de corbeaux qui utilisent le passage de voitures pour casser les noix dont ils se régalent. De geais qui se souviennent d'une quantité considérable d'endroits où ils ont caché leur nourriture –et qui font la distinction entre les caches d'aliments périssables et les autres. De geais, encore, qui s'asseoient sur des nids de fourmis, afin que celles-ci les arrosent d'acide formique... un puissant insecticide qui débarrasse l'oiseau de ses parasites. Ont-ils anticipé l'impact de leur action? Si oui, c'est une réflexion qui implique une cause et un effet: un exploit qu'aucun animal, en-dehors des singes, ne semblait capable d'accomplir.

Et que dire de cette corneille de Nouvelle-Calédonie élevée dans un laboratoire américain qui, l'an dernier, est devenue célèbre en tordant un fil de fer pour qu'il devienne un hameçon capable de récupérer de la nourriture à l'intérieur d'un vase. Mieux encore, elle en est arrivée à choisir, parmi plusieurs fils de fer, celui qui sera de la bonne longueur. Or, si les chercheurs ont choisi la corneille de Nouvelle-Calédonie, c'est parce qu'on l'a déjà vu faire la même chose dans son état naturel: elle y fabrique deux types d'outils, l'un s'apparentant au hameçon (pour extraire les insectes des trous d'arbres), l'autre à une pelle (une feuille soigneusement choisie, avec laquelle l'oiseau balaie sous les détritus de feuilles, jusqu'à ce que des proies sortent au grand jour).

Toutes ces démarches dévoilent une intention claire. L'oiseau a imaginé, dans sa petite tête, le but à atteindre et il a pris les moyens qui s'imposent.

Il a imaginé: voilà un exploit qui, à lui seul, range les corvidés dans une catégorie à part dans le règne animal.

"Ces études, concluent Emery et Clayton, ont démontré que certains corvidés ne sont pas seulement supérieurs en intelligence aux oiseaux des autres espèces (peut-être à l'exception de certains perroquets), mais qu'ils rivalisent aussi avec plusieurs espèces de primates."


Des cerveaux différents, mais dirigés vers le même but

Les structures des cerveaux de ces oiseaux et des primates sont pourtant très différentes, ce qui a d'ailleurs longtemps contribué à rejeter l'hypothèse de l'intelligence: on supposait qu'il y avait quelque chose de très spécifique dans la structure de notre cerveau, quelque chose qui aurait émergé au cours des derniers millions d'années. De toute évidence, l'hypothèse est fausse: cerveaux différentes, mais évolution similaire.

Deux facteurs importants. D'abord, le cerveau des corvidés est très gros: à peu près la même taille que le cerveau d'un chimpanzé.

Ensuite, la vie en groupe. Les créatures dites "sociales", comme les dauphins, les chimpanzés, les humains et les corvidés, ont besoin de mémoriser davantage d'éléments pour vivre en société, ce qui oblige sûrement le cerveau à travailler plus fort.

Le corbeau peut-il nous aider à comprendre d'où provient notre propre intelligence? L'apparition du langage, de la pensée abstraite, des intentions, des désirs, de l'imagination? Oui, répondent Emery et Clayton, certainement autant que les singes capucins du Brésil et les pierres qu'ils utilisent comme outils pour aller chercher la nourriture.

Ce n'est parce que le corbeau ne nous ressemble pas, physiquement parlant, que nous devons le considérer moins intelligent.

Pascal Lapointe

Super siphon

Radio-Canada.ca

Un siphon cosmique!

Mise à jour le jeudi 6 janvier 2005 à 17 h 04

La NASA a détecté la plus forte explosion cosmique jamais observée à 3 milliards d'années-lumière de la Terre. L'équivalent de 300 millions de notre soleil a été englouti par un gigantesque trou noir aux allures d'un siphon cosmique.

Le télescope Chandra à rayons X a découvert deux énormes bulles de gaz formées d'éruptions, qui durent depuis 100 millions d'années au centre d'un groupe de galaxies appelé MS 0735. Cette découverte a permis aux scientifiques de déduire que le trou noir avait avalé une quantité phénoménale de matière.

Depuis, le trou noir renvoie d'énormes quantités de gaz sous pression d'une masse égale à mille milliards de soleils.

« J'ai été totalement surpris de constater qu'une masse de 300 millions de soleils puisse être absorbée ainsi », explique Brian McNamara, de l'université d'Ohio aux États-Unis.

Cette découverte montre aussi l'importance des télescopes à rayons X afin de détecter les événements les plus violents de notre univers.

Hippo loves tortuga


050106hippo-tortue-afp_n, originally uploaded by Bourouba.


Une tortue adopte un hippopotame orphelin

Mise à jour le jeudi 6 janvier 2005 à 13 h 26

Bébé Owen, un hippopotame d'un an, a été emporté par la forte vague qui s'était engouffrée dans la rivière Sabaki, au Kenya, avant de refluer vers l'océan Indien.

Sauvé par des gardes forestiers, mais séparé de son troupeau, l'animal de 300 kg a été amené au Lafarge Park, un parc animalier du port de Mombasa.

Il a été placé dans l'enclos d'une tortue géante mâle qui l'a immédiatement adopté. Owen s'est alors précipité sur la tortue, dont la couleur gris foncé lui rappelait celle des hippopotames adultes.

L'hippopotame était traumatisé. Il a ainsi trouvé une nouvelle mère. Tous deux ont alors noué une véritable relation , nageant, mangeant et dormant ensemble. Si quelqu'un s'approche de la tortue, Owen devient agressif, comme s'il protégeait sa mère biologique.

Owen devra certainement bientôt quitter son amie la tortue. Les responsables de la réserve envisagent en effet de le placer auprès de Cleo, une femelle hippopotame solitaire.

En 2002, une lionne kényane avait adopté successivement plusieurs bébés antilopes. Une partie des bébés avaient été dévorés par d'autres prédateurs, et les autres avaient été mis à l'abri par les gardes forestiers.

USATODAY.com - Psychiatrist: Company hid Prozac, suicide link

USATODAY.com - Psychiatrist: Company hid Prozac, suicide link

Psychiatrist: Company hid Prozac, suicide link
By Marilyn Elias, USA TODAY

Lives were threatened and Americans treated like "guinea pigs" because Eli Lilly & Co. officials lied 15 years ago in denying there was any evidence the anti-depressant Prozac could cause suicidal behavior, a Harvard psychiatrist has charged.

Harvard psychiatrist Martin Teicher said the American people were "guinea pigs" for Lilly.

The comments by Martin Teicher come as concern mounts over Lilly documents on Prozac described in the British medical journal BMJ last Friday. USA TODAY has obtained a copy of the documents, which were part of a 1994 lawsuit filed against Lilly for victims of a Louisville workplace shooting. The gunman, who killed himself and eight others, had been treated with Prozac.

Teicher, a prominent researcher and clinician, was the first to publish case reports showing an apparent link between Prozac and suicidal behavior in adults. But a few months before his March 1990 report, Teicher said he asked Lilly officials if studies showed such a link.

" 'Oh no, no, we never heard of such a thing,' they told me," Teicher said. But studies from the 1980s showed such dangers, he said, and German drug regulators wouldn't license the drug when Lilly first applied in 1985, citing "suicidal risk." The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Prozac in 1987. But when problems started surfacing, the agency held a scientific advisory panel hearing in 1991 and found no evidence of a link to suicide.

Before that hearing, Lilly published studies showing Prozac was safe, Teicher said. "They culled patients from their worldwide trials, they cherry-picked the studies, leaving out the trials showing problems."

Lilly spokesman Morry Smulevitz said "we are not aware of the conversation that Dr. Teicher refers to with Lilly officials." He also denied that the company suppressed negative evidence about the drug. "Lilly believes in full and appropriate disclosure of clinical trial data," Smulevitz said.

The documents summarized in the BMJ article suggest that twice as many patients on Prozac as on a placebo may experience such symptoms as anxiety, agitation and nervousness — 38% versus 19%. These symptoms are important because therapists say they can precede suicide or violent acts.

Another document appears to show an FDA official questioning Lilly's actions in deciding apparent suicide attempts in studies weren't real attempts or were not due to the antidepressant. Scientists have some discretion in identifying the causes of bad reactions in a study.

David Graham, associate director in the FDA's Office of Drug Safety, reviewed Prozac's safety record in 1990. "Lilly excluded so many cases of suicidal behavior that I felt a problem couldn't be ruled out," he said.

The FDA is still reviewing the BMJ documents, FDA spokeswoman Susan Cruzan said. "But to date we have not seen anything that would lead us to question the conclusions of the (1991 scientific advisory) committee" that there was no tie between the drug and suicide attempts.

Teicher, who considers Prozac valuable, said many of the problems with suicidal behavior were in patients given high doses, and that's how the drug was used for the first few years in the USA. "American people were guinea pigs for a few years. If we had known the truth, we would have used it more wisely from the start," Teicher said.

Wednesday, January 05, 2005

needle-1


needle-1, originally uploaded by Bourouba.

Ces 2 sculptures sont faites dans le chas d'une aiguille. Incroyable!!!

Le moyen-age en 2005 et les religions

http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_5-1-2005_pg4_26

How could God let this happen?

By Neil Western

AS the world tries to make sense of Asia’s tsunami disaster and its massive toll on humanity, clerics of all religions are grappling with an age-old theological question which challenges even the most faithful believers: How could God let this happen?

The earthquake and tsunami showed no favour, wiping out Buddhist, Hindu, and Muslim villages in Sri Lanka, inflicting enormous casualties in mostly Islamic Indonesia, and devastating parts of strongly Buddhist Thailand, where Christian and Jewish tourists also perished.

“It was as if God had unleashed his anger on the people,” Muslim victim Haji Ali said the day after tsunamis destroyed his hometown Bireuen in Indonesia’s Aceh province, the area worst affected by the Indian Ocean disaster. But is the explanation that simple? Last week’s catastrophe has revived a debate which raged in Europe after the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, one of the 18th century’s worst natural disasters which led many figures of the enlightenment such as Voltaire to question the existence of a God who allowed such catastrophes.

The question then was why should Lisbon be so abominably cursed? The question now is: Why Asia?

“Allah has his own way,” said KH Ma’aruf, chairman of the Indonesian Council of Ulema (MUI), the highest authority on Islam in Indonesia, adding that as “humble humans, there is no way we can comprehend His infinite wisdom”. “A true believer should believe that his fate and those of others are entirely in the hands of Allah. If their loved one were killed in the disaster and they survive, it is because of Allah’s will,” he said.

In the staunchly Muslim province of Aceh nobody appeared to have lost their faith - survivors recited holy Quranic verses while looking for lost relatives or staying at refugee shelters.

Whatever their religion, people throughout Asia’s affected areas turned to their respective God to help them through the crisis and give praise for “miracles”.

While Muslims in Aceh attributed the survival of dozens of mosques dotted across the wasteland to divine intervention, rather than the mosques’ sturdier architecture, Catholics in the southern Sri Lankan town of Matara celebrated the return of a miracle statue that vanished during the tsunamis and which believers credit with keeping the sea at bay for 10 to 15 minutes after the first wave hit.

In India, Hindu clerics hurriedly performed religious rites for victims whose bodies were found and comforted grieving relatives.

“People are saying this phenomenon is the annoyance of god, but it is not so,” said Hindu cleric Madambakkam Sreenivasa Bhattacharyar, chief priest of the famous Tirupati Tirumala Temple in tsunami-scarred southern India’s Tamil Nadu state. “It is a natural phenomenon which has manifested because of a multitude of human mistakes on sky, earth and water. Religious law says the natural forces change direction because of these mistakes,” he said. “This kind of disaster also happens to tell the people of the existence of a superpower. But just like in a game of carrom when you hit a coin, others get hit, the innocent and sinful both get affected. It is not a test of faith,” he said.

As a non-theistic religion Buddhism has no God to whom to attribute the terrible events, but the earthquake is still viewed as a punishment humans have brought upon themselves, a Buddhist expert said. “We have destroyed nature, being selfish and greedy and only aiming for more prosperity, but never realising that we and nature are one,” said Sulak Sivaraksa in Bangkok.

The tsunamis were a warning from nature that humans have been unkind to it, he said, just as environmentalists have explained the loss of life by saying too many properties were built at the shores’ edge, urging people to learn the lessons and to live in harmony with nature. From Europe to Australia, the question of God’s role provoked a multi-faith debate.

In the Vatican City Pope John Paul II told thousands of Roman Catholics gathered Sunday in St Peter’s Square that God had not abandoned people, calling the calamity “the most difficult and painful of tests”. In London the Archbishop of Canterbury, head of the 70-million strong worldwide Anglican church, said it was inevitable people would question their faith but that belief had “survived tests again and again, not because it comforts or explains but because believers cannot deny what has been shown or given to them.”

But many Christian, Jewish and other religious leaders rejected suggestions the earthquake was divine wrath. Asked if the people who suffered were being punished, the Anglican bishop of South Sydney in Australia, Robert Forsyth, said: “I think almost certainly not.”

“Even Jesus died complaining to God,” he said. The disaster raised other awkward questions for clerics.

What of the souls of those deprived a ritualistic burial? Those interred in mass graves, buried forever under rubble, or lost at sea?

The Fatwa Commision of the Indonesia’s MUI has decreed that the victims of the disaster in Aceh were martyrs and therefore whether they were properly buried or not was no longer important for the soul of the deceased. But for followers of all faiths, God’s command to help others was perhaps the easiest to understand and to follow. “We (MUI) have sent our volunteers to Aceh along with aid in the forms of food, medicine and clothes,” said MUI chairman Ma’aruf. “We are also trying to help efforts to gather and take care of the orphans of the disaster.” Along the Sri Lankan coast Catholic priest Nihal Nanayakkara has worked day and night since the tsunami struck, offering shelter and help to victims and conducting funerals and memorial services.

“I strongly believe that God is giving us this strength,” said the sleep-deprived priest. And around the world people of all faiths, as well of those of no theistic faith, continued to donate staggering sums to help the many millions the disaster affected, most without considering to which God those victims pray. afp

I find the buddhist perspective the most useful

http://www.buddhismnews.it/pages_466604.html

Tsunami has not shaken our faith

January 4, 2005 12:31

Religious leaders in Norwich today spoke of how the Asian tsunami disaster had raised many questions about God and suffering.

This weekend, the Archbishop of Canterbury said that the magnitude of the tragedy was likely to challenge people's faith.

Dr Rowan Williams said: "The question: 'How can you believe in a God who permits suffering on this scale?' is very much around at the moment, and it would be surprising if it weren't - indeed, it would be wrong if it weren't. The traditional answers will get us only so far."

He added: "The extraordinary fact is that belief has survived such tests again and again - not because it comforts or explains but because believers cannot deny what has been shown or given to them."

In and around Norwich, the same kinds of questions have been asked by people of various faiths — and a sense of hope has also prevailed.

Canon Hereward Cooke said at Sunday's service at St Stephen's Church in Theatre Street, they had prayed for everyone caught up in the situation and he had preached on the subject.

"I am sure God is weeping over the situation as much as we are," he said. "But I have to say he must also have been in the middle of it even if he is not responsible.

"I did try to draw three glimmers of light out of the situation. First of all, the way it has brought people of all faiths together — Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs and Jews are all praying.

"Secondly, the response of people to the situation shows something of people's generosity and care for their brothers and sisters of whatever colour or religion.

"And thirdly, I hope it will show us something of the mismatch between rich and poor. This has brought so clearly to our attention the disparity between our lifestyle and those who have nothing."

The Bishop of Norwich, the Rt Rev Graham James, was at Sandringham on Sunday and addressed the Queen, other members of the Royal Family and the congregation at St Mary Magdalene Church.

"More than one week ago I confess that I would not have known what a tsunami was," he said.

"Now we all do. We all now understand the terrifying power of a wall of water 30ft or more high travelling at several hundred miles per hour. Words seem cheap when the cost of lives has been so expensive."

The bishop said such disasters raised difficult theological questions. "God has given us an earth that lives and moves," he said. "It is not inert, it is alive — that is why we can live. A living and moving earth has its dangers. Last week's events were the starkest possible reminder that what gives life also takes it away. Christianity never avoids the darker side of human existence."

At St Andrew's Church in Trowse on Sunday, Canon Michael Long devoted his sermon to the questions raised by the Asian earthquake.

The community is looking to set up a fund-raising event and the offerings made in church for two Sundays will be given to the tsunami disaster fund.

He said: "To talk about a merciful and loving God at this time- especially to those who have suffered such unbelievable loss — is not I think helpful.

"Not that I deny that in any way but that is just the thing that people cannot take at this moment. This incident does make even believers ask questions. "Personally, it does not cause me to lose faith but I pondered much on what I could say in the way of some small crumbs of comfort.

"With all the terrible scenes of bodies destroyed, it turned my thoughts to the Christian teaching of the resurrection of the body and of how we are taught that we are given new bodies that are imperishable.

"The essence of what we are as persons lives on in those bodies. If I did not believe that, then I could see little hope or comfort.

"This may be easy to say and think when one is outside the situation, but I put that forward as a chink of light and hope in what is a heart-rending experience."

Satyadaka from the Norwich Buddhist Centre, said: "Buddhism talks about suffering as being part of life, so in a way, when something like this happens, it reminds us of that fact.

"People are dying of all sorts of natural causes all over the world all the time, but this is on a huge scale, and it has hit us because it's come at Christmas and it's shocked us into an awareness of suffering.

"My own personal feeling is that it makes me think: 'It hasn't happened to me, I'm very lucky — am I making good use of the opportunity I have got?'.

"In the West we are in a quite privileged position because of geography almost. We are in a position to live a meaningful life, but are we doing it?"

Chamomile tea: New evidence supports health benefits

Chamomile tea: New evidence supports health benefits
Chamomile tea: New evidence supports health benefits

For centuries, people who’ve felt sick or stressed have tried drinking chamomile tea as a medicinal cure-all. Now, researchers in England have found new evidence that the popular herbal tea may actually help relieve a wide range of health ailments, including colds and menstrual cramps.

Their study is scheduled to appear in the Jan. 26 issue of the American Chemical Society’s Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, one of the Society’s peer-reviewed journals. ACS is the world’s largest scientific society.

“This is one of a growing number of studies that provide evidence that commonly used natural products really do contain chemicals that may be of medicinal value,” says study leader Elaine Holmes, Ph.D., a chemist with Imperial College London. “The healthcare industry is placing increasing emphasis on functional foods including natural remedies, yet little work has been conducted on the long term effects of such products on human biology.”

The herbal plant used in this study was German chamomile (Matricaria recutita), also known as manzanilla, whose flowers and leaves are brewed as a fragrant, flavorful tea. The study involved fourteen volunteers (seven women and seven men) who each drank five cups of the herbal tea daily for two consecutive weeks. Daily urine samples were taken and tested throughout the study, both before and after drinking chamomile tea.

The researchers found that drinking the tea was associated with a significant increase in urinary levels of hippurate, a breakdown product of certain plant-based compounds known as phenolics, some of which have been associated with increased antibacterial activity. This could help explain why the tea appears to boost the immune system and fight infections associated with colds, according to the researchers.

Drinking the tea also was associated with an increase in urinary levels of glycine, an amino acid that has been shown to relieve muscle spasms. This may explain why the tea appears to be helpful in relieving menstrual cramps in women, probably by relaxing the uterus, say the researchers. Glycine also is known to act as a nerve relaxant, which may also explain why the tea seems to act as a mild sedative, the scientists note. Glycine supplements are sold in stores for that purpose, they add.

Levels of both hippurate and glycine remained elevated for up to two weeks after the study participants stopped drinking the tea, indicating that the compounds may remain active for quite some time, according to the researchers. Additional studies are needed before a more definitive link between the tea and its alleged health benefits can be established, they emphasize. Funding for this study was provided by Oxford Natural Products, a pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and technology company located in Oxford, England.

The American Chemical Society is a nonprofit organization, chartered by the U.S. Congress, with a multidisciplinary membership of more than 159,000 chemists and chemical engineers. It publishes numerous scientific journals and databases, convenes major research conferences and provides educational, science policy and career programs in chemistry. Its main offices are in Washington, D.C., and Columbus, Ohio.

Tuesday, January 04, 2005

Vioxx - 139,000 victimes aux USA

Radio-Canada.ca

États-Unis: le Vioxx aurait fait 139 000 victimes

Mise à jour le lundi 3 janvier 2005 à 12 h 35

L'Agence américaine de contrôle des produits alimentaires et pharmaceutiques (FDA) a finalement autorisé, lundi, la publication d'une étude sur les dangers du Vioxx réalisé par le docteur David Graham.

Cette étude du Dr Graham, qui travaille au service de tests des médicaments de la FDA, démontre que le controversé anti-inflammatoire aurait causé la mort ou des malaises cardiaques très sérieux chez quelque 139 000 personnes aux États-Unis seulement. Ainsi, le nombre de victimes serait cinq fois plus élevé qu'initialement évalué.

Le Dr Graham, cité lundi par le quotidien économique Financial Times, affirmait que la FDA l'avait empêché de rendre publics les résultats de son étude. Selon lui, un de ses responsables avait même adressé des courriers électroniques au journal médical britannique The Lancet lui demandant de ne pas publier ses conclusions.

Le Financial Times estime que la publication de la dernière étude du docteur Graham pourrait accroître substantiellement le nombre de poursuites contre le groupe pharmaceutique américain Merck, fabricant du Vioxx.

Merck a retiré lui-même le médicament après avoir pris connaissance, en septembre dernier, d'une étude interne qui montrait, elle aussi, les dangers de la consommation de ce médicament.

Saturday, January 01, 2005

Vitamin E

The Powerful AntiOxidant

Recently many sources have been claiming the superiority of GAMMA Tocopherol as opposed to Alpha. Due to lack of knowledge of how vitamin E actually functions in the body, many people have been duped into buying a far-less effective form of vitamin E that claims to be "what your missing".

Herein lies the truth about GAMMA Tocopherol and how it relates to Vitamin E.

First of all, It must be understood that vitamin E, as found in nature, is made up of a four part complex consisting of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta Tocopherols and *Tocotrienols. The Tocotrienols are converted into the four Tocopherols, which is the form that the body can use. These four Tocopherols work together in a synergistic fashion making up the substance known as vitamin E.
*see Tocotrienols vs. Tocopherols

The Natural Vitamin E Complex has two important functions in the body:

1.Anti-Thrombic: prevents platelet aggregation, internal clotting of the blood, and thickening of the blood.

2.Anti-Oxidant: neutralizes harmful free radicals and strongly inhibits peroxynitrite which is very damaging to cells

Gamma - The Amazing Anti-Oxidant
Alpha Tocopherol serves as the Anti-Thrombic, while Gamma Tocopherol serves as the major factor in the Anti-Oxidant function. Beta and Delta have some Anti-Oxidant value. Alpha and Gamma then, serve two totally different functions (Anti-Thrombic and Anti-Oxidant) which are equally important. To compare Gamma to Alpha would be like comparing a baseball to a baseball glove, both having different functions that are equally as important.

It is interesting to note that although Alpha and Gamma have two different functions in the body, nether can function correctly outside of the four part complex found in nature (Mixed Tocopherols Concentrate). This is because the four part complex naturally works together synergistically. It is this very fact that has lead to most all the misinformation concerning vitamin E as , since 1965, the industry standard has been the chemically produced synthetic form. What's worse is most all of today's research being done on vitamin E is being done using the synthetic form, which is not a true representation of vitamin E. Many people believe they are taking natural vitamin E because their bottle reads "Natural Source" but are in fact taking the synthetic form as there is only a slight difference between the technical terms used, as shown below:

d-Alpha Tocopherol = Natural dl-Alpha Tocopheryl = Synthetic d-Alpha-Tocopheryl =Esterified(i.e. natural-source)

What does this have to do with Gamma?
As stated above, the synthetic form became the industry standard and is still the most widely used form by both consumers and researchers alike. By changing the four naturally occurring Tocopherols into a single acid ester, this chemically produced vitamin E, termed Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate (or succinate), lost the ever important Anti-Oxidant function of natural vitamin E. Yet most every synthetic E label mistakenly claims that it is an Anti-Oxidant. This is why recent studies have shown that Gamma is a better Anti-Oxidant than Alpha. Of course it is, Alpha has little to no Anti-Oxidant value but serves as an amazing natural lubricant for the blood.    

New Information?

A.C. Grace has been providing the Anti-Oxidant function of Gamma for years while many never even knew it existed .... WHY ?

Back in 1965 the so-called "authorities" stated that Alpha Tocopherol was the only active factor in vitamin E and that the Gamma, Beta, Delta Tocopherols were useless. This is what lead to the synthetic Alpha Tocopheryl Acetate (or succinate) which you now know is not an honest representation and will not provide all the wonderful benefits of vitamin E. There are others who are now beginning to understand† the importance of keeping vitamin E in it's natural form but because of the flawed foundation much of the vital information about vitamin E has yet to be discovered by the "authorities". Mean while, most of the "new" findings on vitamin E are not new at all. Researchers are just now learning many things that Roy Erickson, founder of A.C. Grace Company, has known since 1962, one of them being the dramatic effects that Natural Vitamin E has on Alzheimer's Disease. Recent study showed that vitamin E prevents and cures up to 70% of Alzheimer's !!!!! †

Gamma Tocopherol is an amazing Anti-Oxidant.
Everyone can benefit from it's ability to destroy harmful free radicals which are damaging to cells while conserving oxygen for the muscles.

Alpha Tocopherol is an amazing Anti-Thrombic.
Everyone can benefit from it's ability to lubricate the blood stream preventing internal clotting while restoring damaged circulation.

No one will receive the fullness of these benefits by taking any other form of vitamin E other than the Mixed Tocopherols Concentrate.

Since 1962, it has been Roy Erickson's earnest desire to provide an honest and true ALL-NATURAL VITAMIN E, as UNIQUE E is still A.C. Grace Company's only product to date.

UNIQUE E is a specialized formula of Mixed Tocopherols Concentrate (no fillers, oils, colors, or additives) that provides HIGH Anti-Thrombic (alpha tocopherol) and HIGH Anti-Oxidant (42% Gamma per cap.) protection in addition to the highest biological activity plus synergistic benefits of the complete Vitamin E Complex (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta Tocopherols).                                                                                     

Pumpkins Pull Pollutants out of Contaminated Soil

Science & Technology at Scientific American.com: Pumpkins Pull Pollutants out of Contaminated Soil
Pumpkins Pull Pollutants out of Contaminated Soil

Pumpkins become one of the most popular plants this week, with many people carving Jack-o-lanterns in honor of Halloween. But Canadian scientists have another purpose for the orange fruit in mind: cleaning up pollution. According to a recent study, pumpkins can cheaply remove DDT from contaminated soil.

Before it was banned in 1972, DDT was used widely as an insecticide. A type of persistant organic pollutant, its hydrophobic, or water-fearing, characteristics make it difficult to remove from soil. Often large swathes of land must be removed and either buried in a specially designed landfill or burned in a high-temperature incinerator. Ken Reimer of the Royal Military College of Canada and his colleagues studied a number of plant species to determine whether they are viable candidates for DDT phytoremediation (the use of vegetation for treating contaminated soils). The researchers grew zucchini, tall fescue, alfalfa, rye grass and pumpkins in a greenhouse using soil imported from the Canadian Artic that had been treated with DDT. “The cold temperatures meant that the contamination was virtually identical to the technical grade DDT mixture that had originally been used,” Reimer says. “We could therefore examine the ability of [the plants] to suck the DDT out of the soil that had been contaminated with DDT for several decades.”

Pumpkins become one of the most popular plants this week, with many people carving Jack-o-lanterns in honor of Halloween. But Canadian scientists have another purpose for the orange fruit in mind: cleaning up pollution. According to a recent study, pumpkins can cheaply remove DDT from contaminated soil.

Before it was banned in 1972, DDT was used widely as an insecticide. A type of persistant organic pollutant, its hydrophobic, or water-fearing, characteristics make it difficult to remove from soil. Often large swathes of land must be removed and either buried in a specially designed landfill or burned in a high-temperature incinerator. Ken Reimer of the Royal Military College of Canada and his colleagues studied a number of plant species to determine whether they are viable candidates for DDT phytoremediation (the use of vegetation for treating contaminated soils). The researchers grew zucchini, tall fescue, alfalfa, rye grass and pumpkins in a greenhouse using soil imported from the Canadian Artic that had been treated with DDT. “The cold temperatures meant that the contamination was virtually identical to the technical grade DDT mixture that had originally been used,” Reimer says. “We could therefore examine the ability of [the plants] to suck the DDT out of the soil that had been contaminated with DDT for several decades.”"